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  - Semester 1
  - Success in College
    - Table of Contents
    - About the Authors
    - Acknowledgments
    - Preface
    - Chapter 1: You and Your College Experience
    - 1.1 Who Are You, Really?
    - 1.2 Different Worlds of Different Students
    - 1.3 How You Learn
    - 1.4 What Is College, Really?
    - 1.5 Let’s Talk about Success
    - 1.6 Chapter Activities
    - Chapter 1
    - Chapter 2 Staying Motivated, Organized, and On Track
    - 2.1 Setting and Reaching Goals
    - 2.2 Organizing Your Space
    - 2.3 Organizing Your Time
    - 2.4 Chapter Activities
    - Chapter 2
    - Chapter 3 Thinking about Thought
    - 3.1 Types of Thinking
    - 3.2 It’s Critical
    - 3.3 Searching for “Aha!”
    - 3.4 Problem Solving and Decision Making
    - 3.5 Chapter Activities
    - Chapter 3
    - Chapter 4 Listening, Taking Notes, and Remembering
    - 4.1 Setting Yourself Up for Success
    - 4.2 Are You Ready for Class?
    - 4.3 Are You Really Listening?
    - 4.4 Got Notes?
    - 4.5 Remembering Course Materials
    - 4.6 Chapter Activities
    - Chapter 4
    - Chapter 5 Reading to Learn
    - 5.1 Are You Ready for the Big Leagues?
    - 5.2 How Do You Read to Learn?
    - 5.3 Dealing with Special Texts
    - 5.4 Building Your Vocabulary
    - 5.5 Chapter Activities
    - Chapter 6 Preparing for and Taking Tests
    - 6.1 Test Anxiety and How to Control It
    - 6.2 Studying to Learn (Not Just for Tests)
    - 6.3 Taking Tests
    - 6.4 The Secrets of the Q and A’s
    - 6.5 The Honest Truth
    - 6.6 Using Test Results
    - 6.7 Chapter Activities
    - Chapter 6
    - Chapter 7 Interacting with Instructors and Classes
    - 7.1 Why Attend Classes at All?
    - 7.2 Participating in Class
    - 7.3 Communicating with Instructors
    - 7.4 Public Speaking and Class Presentations
    - 7.5 Chapter Activities
    - Page 862
    - Chapter 8 Writing for Classes
    - 8.1 What’s Different about College Writing?
    - 8.2 How Can I Become a Better Writer?
    - 8.3 Other Kinds of Writing in College Classes
    - 8.4 Chapter Activities
    - Chapter 8
    - Chapter 9 The Social World of College
    - 9.1 Getting Along with Others
    - 9.2 Living with Diversity
    - 9.3 Campus Groups
    - 9.4 Chapter Activities
    - Chapter 9
    - Chapter 10 Taking Control of Your Health
    - 10.1 Nutrition and Weight Control
    - 10.2 Activity and Exercise
    - 10.3 Sleep
    - 10.4 Substance Use and Abuse
    - 10.5 Stress
    - 10.6 Emotional Health and Happiness
    - 10.7 Sexual Health
    - 10.8 Chapter Activities
    - Chapter 10
    - Chapter 11 Taking Control of Your Finances
    - 11.1 Financial Goals and Realities
    - 11.2 Making Money
    - 11.3 Spending Less
    - 11.4 Credit Cards
    - 11.5 Financing College and Looking Ahead
    - 11.6 Chapter Activities
    - Chapter 11
    - Chapter 12 Taking Control of Your Future
    - 12.1 The Dream of a Lifetime
    - 12.2 Career Exploration
    - 12.3 Choosing Your Major
    - 12.4 Getting the Right Stuff
    - 12.5 Career Development Starts Now
    - 12.6 The Power of Networking
    - 12.7 Résumés and Cover Letters
    - 12.8 Interviewing for Success
    - 12.9 Chapter Activities
    - Chapter 12
    - Test
  - English for Business Success
    - Table of Contents
    - About the Author
    - Acknowledgements
    - Dedications
    - Preface
    - 1.1 Sentence Writing
    - 1.2 Subject-Verb Agreement
    - 1.3 Verb Tense
    - 1.4 Capitalization
    - 1.5 Pronouns
    - 1.6 Adjectives and Adverbs
    - 1.7 Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers
    - 1.8 Writing Basics: End-of-Chapter Exercises
    - Chapter 1 Writing Basics: What Makes a Good Sentence?
    - 2.1 Commas
    - 2.2 Semicolons
    - 2.3 Colons
    - 2.4 Quotes
    - 2.5 Apostrophes
    - 2.6 Parentheses
    - 2.7 Dashes
    - 2.8 Hyphens
    - 2.9 Punctuation: End-of-Chapter Exercises
    - Chapter 2 Punctuation
    - 3.1 Commonly Confused Words
    - 3.2 Spelling
    - 3.3 Word Choice
    - 3.4 Prefixes and Suffixes
    - 3.5 Synonyms and Antonyms
    - 3.6 Using Context Clues
    - 3.7 Working with Words: End-of-Chapter Exercises
    - Chapter 3 Working with Words: Which Word Is Right?
    - 4.1 Word Order
    - 4.2 Negative Statements
    - 4.3 Count and Noncount Nouns and Articles
    - 4.4 Pronouns
    - 4.5 Verb Tenses
    - 4.6 Modal Auxiliaries
    - 4.7 Prepositions
    - 4.8 Slang and Idioms
    - 4.9 Help for English Language Learners: End-of-Chapter Exercises
    - Chapter 4 Help for English Language Learners
    - 5.1 Purpose, Audience, Tone, and Content
    - 5.2 Effective Means for Writing a Paragraph
    - 5.3 Writing Paragraphs: End-of-Chapter Exercises
    - Chapter 5 Writing Paragraphs: Separating Ideas and Shaping Content
    - 6.1 Sentence Variety
    - 6.2 Coordination and Subordination
    - 6.3 Parallelism
    - 6.4 Refining Your Writing: End-of-Chapter Exercises
    - Chapter 6 Refining Your Writing: How Do I Improve My Writing Technique?
    - 7.1 Apply Prewriting Models
    - 7.2 Outlining
    - 7.3 Drafting
    - 7.4 Revising and Editing
    - 7.5 The Writing Process: End-of-Chapter Exercises
    - Chapter 7 The Writing Process: How Do I Begin?
    - 8.1 Developing a Strong, Clear Thesis Statement
    - 8.2 Writing Body Paragraphs
    - 8.3 Organizing Your Writing
    - 8.4 Writing Introductory and Concluding Paragraphs
    - 8.5 Writing Essays: End-of-Chapter Exercises
    - Chapter 8 Writing Essays: From Start to Finish
    - Chapter 9 Effective Business Writing
    - 9.1 Oral versus Written Communication
    - 9.2 How Is Writing Learned?
    - 9.3 Good Writing
    - 9.4 Style in Written Communication
    - 9.5 Principles of Written Communication
    - 9.6 Overcoming Barriers to Effective Written Communication
    - 9.7 Additional Resources
    - Chapter 9 Effective Business Writing
    - Chapter 10 Writing Preparation
    - 10.1 Think, Then Write: Writing Preparation
    - 10.2 A Planning Checklist for Business Messages
    - 10.3 Research and Investigation: Getting Started
    - 10.4 Ethics, Plagiarism, and Reliable Sources
    - 10.5 Completing Your Research and Investigation
    - 10.6 Reading and Analyzing
    - 10.7 Additional Resources
    - Chapter 10 Writing Preparation
    - Chapter 11 Writing
    - 11.1 Organization
    - 11.2 Writing Style
    - 11.3 Making an Argument
    - 11.4 Paraphrase and Summary versus Plagiarism
    - 11.5 Additional Resources
    - Chapter 11 Writing
    - Chapter 12 Revising and Presenting Your Writing
    - 12.1 General Revision Points to Consider
    - 12.2 Specific Revision Points to Consider
    - 12.3 Style Revisions
    - 12.4 Evaluating the Work of Others
    - 12.5 Proofreading and Design Evaluation
    - 12.6 Additional Resources
    - Chapter 12 Revising and Presenting Your Writing
    - Chapter 13 Business Writing in Action
    - 13.1 Text, E-mail, and Netiquette
    - 13.2 Memorandums and Letters
    - 13.3 Business Proposal
    - 13.4 Report
    - 13.5 Résumé
    - 13.6 Sales Message
    - 13.7 Additional Resources
    - Chapter 13 Business Writing in Action
    - 14.1 Formatting a Research Paper
    - 14.2 Citing and Referencing Techniques
    - 14.3 Creating a References Section
    - 14.4 Using Modern Language Association (MLA) Style
    - 14.5 APA and MLA Documentation and Formatting: End-of-Chapter Exercises
    - Chapter 14 APA and MLA Documentation and Formatting
  - Writers' Handbook
    - Table of Contents
    - Acknowledgments
    - Dedication
    - Preface to Teachers
    - Preface to Students
    - 1.1 Examining the Status Quo
    - 1.2 Posing Productive Questions
    - 1.3 Slowing Down Your Thinking
    - 1.4 Withholding Judgment
    - Chapter 1 Writing to Think and Writing to Learn
    - 2.1 Browsing the Gallery of Web-Based Texts
    - 2.2 Understanding How Critical Thinking Works
    - 2.3 Reading a Text Carefully and Closely
    - Chapter 2 Becoming a Critical Reader
    - 3.1 Exploring Academic Disciplines
    - 3.2 Seeing and Making Connections across Disciplines
    - 3.3 Articulating Multiple Sides of an Issue
    - Chapter 3 Thinking through the Disciplines
    - 4.1 Raising the Stakes by Going Public
    - 4.2 Recognizing the Rhetorical Situation
    - 4.3 Rhetoric and Argumentation
    - 4.4 Developing a Rhetorical Habit of Mind
    - Chapter 4 Joining the Conversation
    - 5.1 Choosing a Topic
    - 5.2 Freewriting and Mapping
    - 5.3 Developing Your Purposes for Writing
    - 5.4 Outlining
    - Chapter 5 Planning
    - 6.1 Forming a Thesis
    - 6.2 Testing a Thesis
    - 6.3 Supporting a Thesis
    - 6.4 Learning from Your Writing
    - 6.5 Learning from Your Reading
    - 6.6 Generating Further Questions
    - 6.7 Using a Variety of Sentence Formats
    - 6.8 Creating Paragraphs
    - Chapter 6 Drafting
    - 7.1 Organizing Research Plans
    - 7.2 Finding Print, Online, and Field Sources
    - 7.3 Choosing Search Terms
    - 7.4 Conducting Research
    - 7.5 Evaluating Sources
    - 7.6 Taking Notes
    - 7.7 Making Ethical and Effective Choices
    - 7.8 Creating an Annotated Bibliography
    - 7.9 Managing Information
    - Chapter 7 Researching
    - 8.1 Reviewing for Purpose
    - 8.2 Editing and Proofreading
    - 8.3 Making a Final Overview
    - Chapter 8 Revising
    - 9.1 General Text Formatting Considerations
    - 9.2 Creating and Finding Visuals
    - 9.3 Incorporating Images, Charts, and Graphs
    - Chapter 9 Designing
    - 10.1 Choosing a Document Design
    - 10.2 Developing Digital Presentations
    - 10.3 Presenting Orally
    - Chapter 10 Publishing
    - 11.1 Meeting College Writing Expectations
    - 11.2 Using Strategies for Writing College Essays
    - 11.3 Collaborating on Academic Writing Projects
    - Chapter 11 Academic Writing
    - 12.1 Writing Business Letters
    - 12.2 Writing to Apply for Jobs
    - 12.3 Composing Memos
    - 12.4 E-mail and Online Networking
    - Chapter 12 Professional Writing
    - 13.1 Composing in Web-Based Environments
    - 13.2 Creating Websites
    - 13.3 Collaborating Online
    - 13.4 Creating an E-portfolio
    - 13.5 Using Web Links Effectively
    - Chapter 13 Writing on and for the Web
    - 14.1 Writing Newsletters
    - 14.2 Creating Flyers and Brochures
    - 14.3 Developing Ads
    - 14.4 Writing Personal Letters
    - Chapter 14 Public and Personal Writing
    - 15.1 Incorporating Core Sentence Components (Avoiding Fragments)
    - 15.2 Choosing Appropriate Verb Tenses
    - 15.3 Making Sure Subjects and Verbs Agree
    - 15.4 Avoiding Misplaced Modifiers, Dangling Modifiers, and Split Infinitives
    - 15.5 Preventing Mixed Constructions
    - 15.6 Connecting Pronouns and Antecedents Clearly
    - Chapter 15 Sentence Building
    - 16.1 Using Varied Sentence Lengths and Styles
    - 16.2 Writing in Active Voice and Uses of Passive Voice
    - 16.3 Using Subordination and Coordination
    - 16.4 Using Parallelism
    - 16.5 Avoiding Sexist and Offensive Language
    - 16.6 Managing Mood
    - Chapter 16 Sentence Style
    - 17.1 Controlling Wordiness and Writing Concisely
    - 17.2 Using Appropriate Language
    - 17.3 Choosing Precise Wording
    - 17.4 Using the Dictionary and Thesaurus Effectively
    - Chapter 17 Word Choice
    - 18.1 Using Commas Properly
    - 18.2 Avoiding Unnecessary Commas
    - 18.3 Eliminating Comma Splices and Fused Sentences
    - 18.4 Writing with Semicolons and Colons
    - 18.5 Using Apostrophes
    - 18.6 Using Quotation Marks
    - 18.7 Incorporating Dashes and Parentheses
    - 18.8 Choosing Correct End Punctuation
    - 18.9 Knowing When to Use Hyphens
    - Chapter 18 Punctuation
    - 19.1 Mastering Commonly Misspelled Words
    - 19.2 Using Capital Letters
    - 19.3 Abbreviating Words and Using Acronyms
    - 19.4 Inserting Numbers into Text
    - 19.5 Marking Words with Italics
    - Chapter 19 Mechanics
    - 20.1 Making Sure Subject and Verbs Agree
    - 20.2 Avoiding General Verb Problems
    - 20.3 Choosing the Correct Pronoun and Noun Cases
    - 20.4 Making Pronouns and Antecedents Agree
    - 20.5 Using Relative Pronouns and Clauses
    - 20.6 Using Adverbs and Adjectives
    - Chapter 20 Grammar
    - Chapter 21 Appendix A: Writing for Nonnative English Speakers
    - 21.1 Parts of Speech
    - 21.2 English Word Order
    - 21.3 Count and Noncount Nouns
    - 21.4 Articles
    - 21.5 Singulars and Plurals
    - 21.6 Verb Tenses
    - 21.7 Correct Verbs
    - 21.8 Modal Auxiliary Verbs
    - 21.9 Gerunds and Infinitives
    - 21.10 Forming Participles
    - 21.11 Adverbs and Adjectives
    - 21.12 Irregular Adjectives
    - 21.13 Indefinite Adjectives
    - 21.14 Predicate Adjectives
    - 21.15 Clauses and Phrases
    - 21.16 Relative Pronouns and Clauses
    - 21.17 Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases
    - 21.18 Omitted Words
    - 21.19 Not and Other Negative Words
    - 21.20 Idioms
    - 21.21 Spelling Tips
    - 21.22 American Writing Styles, Argument, and Structure
    - Chapter 21 Appendix A: Writing for Nonnative English Speakers
    - Chapter 22 Appendix B: A Guide to Research and Documentation
    - 22.1 Choosing a Documentation Format
    - 22.2 Integrating Sources
    - 22.3 Quoting, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing
    - 22.4 Formatting In-Text References
    - 22.5 Developing a List of Sources
    - 22.6 Using Other Formats
    - Chapter 22 Appendix B: A Guide to Research and Documentation
  - Beginning Human Relations
    - Table of Contents
    - About the Author
    - Acknowledgments
    - Dedication
    - Preface
    - Chapter 1 What Is Human Relations?
    - 1.1 Why Study Human Relations?
    - 1.2 Human Relations: Personality and Attitude Effects
    - 1.3 Human Relations: Perception’s Effect
    - 1.4 Human Relations: Self-Esteem and Self-Confidence Effects
    - 1.5 Summary and Exercise
    - Chapter 1 What Is Human Relations?
    - Chapter 2 Achieve Personal Success
    - 2.1 Emotional Intelligence
    - 2.2 Goal Setting
    - 2.3 Continuous Learning
    - 2.4 Chapter Summary and Case
    - Chapter 2 Achieve Personal Success
    - Chapter 3 Manage Your Stress
    - 3.1 Types of Stress
    - 3.2 Symptoms of Stress
    - 3.3 Sources of Stress
    - 3.4 Reducing Stress
    - 3.5 Chapter Summary and Case
    - Chapter 3 Manage Your Stress
    - 4.1 Verbal and Written Communication Strategies
    - 4.2 Principles of Nonverbal Communication
    - 4.3 Nonverbal Communication Strategies
    - 4.4 Public Speaking Strategies
    - 4.5 Chapter Summary and Case
    - Chapter 4 Communicate Effectively
    - Chapter 5 Be Ethical at Work
    - 5.1 An Ethics Framework
    - 5.2 Making Ethical Decisions
    - 5.3 Social Responsibility
    - 5.4 Chapter Summary and Case
    - Chapter 5 Be Ethical at Work
    - hapter 6 Understand Your Motivations
    - 6.1 Human Motivation at Work
    - 6.2 Strategies Used to Increase Motivation
    - 6.3 Chapter Summary and Case
    - Chapter 6 Understand Your Motivations
    - 7.1 What Is a Group?
    - 7.2 Group Life Cycles and Member Roles
    - 7.3 Effective Group Meetings
    - 7.4 Chapter Summary and Case
    - Chapter 7 Work Effectively in Groups
    - 8.1 Understanding Decision Making
    - 8.2 Faulty Decision Making
    - 8.3 Decision Making in Groups
    - 8.4 Chapter Summary and Case
    - Chapter 8 Make Good Decisions
    - 9.1 Understanding Conflict
    - 9.2 Causes and Outcomes of Conflict
    - 9.3 Conflict Management
    - 9.4 Negotiations
    - 9.5 Ethical and Cross-Cultural Negotiations
    - 9.6 Chapter Summary and Case
    - Chapter 9 Handle Conflict and Negotiation
    - Chapter 10 Manage Diversity at Work
    - 10.1 Diversity and Multiculturalism
    - 10.2 Multiculturalism and the Law
    - 10.3 Chapter Summary and Case
    - Chapter 10 Manage Diversity at Work
    - Chapter 11 Work with Labor Unions
    - 11.1 The Nature of Unions
    - 11.2 Collective Bargaining
    - 11.3 Grievance Process
    - 11.4 Chapter Summary and Case
    - Chapter 11 Work with Labor Unions
    - Chapter 12 Be a Leader
    - 12.1 Management Styles
    - 12.2 Leadership versus Management
    - 12.3 Chapter Summary and Case
    - Chapter 12 Be a Leader
    - Chapter 13 Manage Your Career
    - 13.1 Career Growth: Power Positioning and Power Sources
    - 13.2 Career Growth: Behaviors and Change
    - 13.3 Career Growth: Impression Management
    - 13.4 Career Growth: Personality and Strategies
    - 13.5 Chapter Summary and Case
    - Chapter 13 Manage Your Career
  - Beginning Algebra
    - Table of Contents
    - About the Author
    - Acknowledgments
    - Preface
    - 1.1 Real Numbers and the Number Line
    - 1.2 Adding and Subtracting Integers
    - 1.3 Multiplying and Dividing Integers
    - 1.4 Fractions
    - 1.5 Review of Decimals and Percents
    - 1.6 Exponents and Square Roots
    - 1.7 Order of Operations
    - 1.8 Review Exercises and Sample Exam
    - Chapter 1 Real Numbers and Their Operations
    - 2.1 Introduction to Algebra
    - 2.2 Simplifying Algebraic Expressions
    - 2.3 Solving Linear Equations: Part I
    - 2.4 Solving Linear Equations: Part II
    - 2.5 Applications of Linear Equations
    - 2.6 Ratio and Proportion Applications
    - 2.7 Introduction to Inequalities and Interval Notation
    - 2.8 Linear Inequalities (One Variable)
    - 2.9 Review Exercises and Sample Exam
    - Chapter 2 Linear Equations and Inequalities
    - 3.1 Rectangular Coordinate System
    - 3.2 Graph by Plotting Points
    - 3.3 Graph Using Intercepts
    - 3.4 Graph Using the y-Intercept and Slope
    - 3.5 Finding Linear Equations
    - 3.6 Parallel and Perpendicular Lines
    - 3.7 Introduction to Functions
    - 3.8 Linear Inequalities (Two Variables)
    - 3.9 Review Exercises and Sample Exam
    - Chapter 3 Graphing Lines
    - 4.1 Solving Linear Systems by Graphing
    - 4.2 Solving Linear Systems by Substitution
    - 4.3 Solving Linear Systems by Elimination
    - 4.4 Applications of Linear Systems
    - 4.5 Solving Systems of Linear Inequalities (Two Variables)
    - 4.6 Review Exercises and Sample Exam
    - Chapter 4 Solving Linear Systems
    - 5.1 Rules of Exponents
    - 5.2 Introduction to Polynomials
    - 5.3 Adding and Subtracting Polynomials
    - 5.4 Multiplying Polynomials
    - 5.5 Dividing Polynomials
    - 5.6 Negative Exponents
    - 5.7 Review Exercises and Sample Exam
    - Chapter 5 Polynomials and Their Operations
    - 6.1 Introduction to Factoring
    - 6.2 Factoring Trinomials of the Form x^2 + bx + c
    - 6.3 Factoring Trinomials of the Form ax^2 + bx + c
    - 6.4 Factoring Special Binomials
    - 6.5 General Guidelines for Factoring Polynomials
    - 6.6 Solving Equations by Factoring
    - 6.7 Applications Involving Quadratic Equations
    - 6.8 Review Exercises and Sample Exam
    - Chapter 6 Factoring and Solving by Factoring
    - 7.1 Simplifying Rational Expressions
    - 7.2 Multiplying and Dividing Rational Expressions
    - 7.3 Adding and Subtracting Rational Expressions
    - 7.4 Complex Rational Expressions
    - 7.5 Solving Rational Equations
    - 7.6 Applications of Rational Equations
    - 7.7 Variation
    - 7.8 Review Exercises and Sample Exam
    - Chapter 7 Rational Expressions and Equations
    - 8.1 Radicals
    - 8.2 Simplifying Radical Expressions
    - 8.3 Adding and Subtracting Radical Expressions
    - 8.4 Multiplying and Dividing Radical Expressions
    - 8.5 Rational Exponents
    - 8.6 Solving Radical Equations
    - 8.7 Review Exercises and Sample Exam
    - Chapter 8 Radical Expressions and Equations
    - 9.1 Extracting Square Roots
    - 9.2 Completing the Square
    - 9.3 Quadratic Formula
    - 9.4 Guidelines for Solving Quadratic Equations and Applications
    - 9.5 Graphing Parabolas
    - 9.6 Introduction to Complex Numbers and Complex Solutions
    - 9.7 Review Exercises and Sample Exam
    - Chapter 9 Solving Quadratic Equations and Graphing Parabolas
    - Chapter 10 Appendix: Geometric Figures
    - 10.1 Plane
    - 10.2 Solid
    - Page 859
  - Semester 2
  - Using Microsoft Excel 1.1
    - Table of Contents
    - About the Author
    - Acknowledgments
    - Dedication
    - Preface
    - 1.1 An Overview of Microsoft® Excel®
    - 1.2 Entering, Editing, and Managing Data
    - 1.3 Formatting and Data Analysis
    - 1.4 Printing
    - 1.5 Chapter Assignments and Tests
    - Chapter 1 Fundamental Skills
    - 2.1 Formulas
    - 2.2 Statistical Functions
    - 2.3 Functions for Personal Finance
    - 2.4 Chapter Assignments and Tests
    - Chapter 2 Mathematical Computations
    - 3.1 Logical Functions
    - 3.2 Statistical IF Functions
    - 3.3 Lookup Functions
    - 3.4 Chapter Assignments and Tests
    - Chapter 3 Logical and Lookup Functions
    - 4.1 Choosing a Chart Type
    - 4.2 Formatting Charts
    - 4.3 The Scatter Chart
    - 4.4 Using Charts with Microsoft® Word® and Microsoft® PowerPoint®
    - 4.5 Chapter Assignments and Tests
    - Chapter 4 Presenting Data with Charts
  - Using Microsoft Excel 1.0
    - Table of Contents
    - About the Author
    - Acknowledgments
    - Dedication
    - Preface
    - 1.1 An Overview of Microsoft® Excel®
    - 1.2 Entering, Editing, and Managing Data
    - 1.3 Formatting and Data Analysis
    - 1.4 Printing
    - 1.5 Chapter Assignments and Tests
    - Chapter 1 Fundamental Skills
    - 2.1 Formulas
    - 2.2 Statistical Functions
    - 2.3 Functions for Personal Finance
    - 2.4 Chapter Assignments and Tests
    - Chapter 2 Mathematical Computations
    - 3.1 Logical Functions
    - 3.2 Statistical IF Functions
    - 3.3 Lookup Functions
    - 3.4 Chapter Assignments and Tests
    - Chapter 3 Logical and Lookup Functions
    - 4.1 Choosing a Chart Type
    - 4.2 Formatting Charts
    - 4.3 The Scatter Chart
    - 4.4 Using Charts with Microsoft® Word® and Microsoft® PowerPoint®
    - 4.5 Chapter Assignments and Tests
  - Successful Writing
    - Table of Contents
    - About the Author
    - Acknowledgements
    - Dedications
    - Preface
    - 1.1 Reading and Writing in College
    - 1.2 Developing Study Skills
    - 1.3 Becoming a Successful College Writer
    - 1.4 Introduction to Writing: End-of-Chapter Exercises
    - Chapter 1 Introduction to Writing
    - 2.1 Sentence Writing
    - 2.2 Subject-Verb Agreement
    - 2.3 Verb Tense
    - 2.4 Capitalization
    - 2.5 Pronouns
    - 2.6 Adjectives and Adverbs
    - 2.7 Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers
    - 2.8 Writing Basics: End-of-Chapter Exercises
    - Chapter 2 Writing Basics: What Makes a Good Sentence?
    - 3.1 Commas
    - 3.2 Semicolons
    - 3.3 Colons
    - 3.4 Quotes
    - 3.5 Apostrophes
    - 3.6 Parentheses
    - 3.7 Dashes
    - 3.8 Hyphens
    - 3.9 Punctuation: End-of-Chapter Exercises
    - Chapter 3 Punctuation
    - 4.1 Commonly Confused Words
    - 4.2 Spelling
    - 4.3 Word Choice
    - 4.4 Prefixes and Suffixes
    - 4.5 Synonyms and Antonyms
    - 4.6 Using Context Clues
    - 4.7 Working with Words: End-of-Chapter Exercises
    - Chapter 4 Working with Words: Which Word Is Right?
    - 5.1 Word Order
    - 5.2 Negative Statements
    - 5.3 Count and Noncount Nouns and Articles
    - 5.4 Pronouns
    - 5.5 Verb Tenses
    - 5.6 Modal Auxiliaries
    - 5.7 Prepositions
    - 5.8 Slang and Idioms
    - 5.9 Help for English Language Learners: End-of-Chapter Exercises
    - 5.1 Word Order
    - 5.2 Negative Statements
    - 5.3 Count and Noncount Nouns and Articles
    - 5.4 Pronouns
    - 5.5 Verb Tenses
    - 5.6 Modal Auxiliaries
    - 5.7 Prepositions
    - 5.8 Slang and Idioms
    - 5.9 Help for English Language Learners: End-of-Chapter Exercises
    - Chapter 5 Help for English Language Learners
    - 6.1 Purpose, Audience, Tone, and Content
    - 6.2 Effective Means for Writing a Paragraph
    - 6.3 Writing Paragraphs: End-of-Chapter Exercises
    - Chapter 6 Writing Paragraphs: Separating Ideas and Shaping Content
    - 7.1 Sentence Variety
    - 7.2 Coordination and Subordination
    - 7.3 Parallelism
    - 7.4 Refining Your Writing: End-of-Chapter Exercises
    - Chapter 7 Refining Your Writing: How Do I Improve My Writing Technique?
    - 8.1 Apply Prewriting Models
    - 8.2 Outlining
    - 8.3 Drafting
    - 8.4 Revising and Editing
    - 8.5 The Writing Process: End-of-Chapter Exercises
    - Chapter 8 The Writing Process: How Do I Begin?
    - 9.1 Developing a Strong, Clear Thesis Statement
    - 9.2 Writing Body Paragraphs
    - 9.3 Organizing Your Writing
    - 9.4 Writing Introductory and Concluding Paragraphs
    - 9.5 Writing Essays: End-of-Chapter Exercises
    - Chapter 9 Writing Essays: From Start to Finish
    - 10.1 Narration
    - 10.2 Illustration
    - 10.3 Description
    - 10.4 Classification
    - 10.5 Process Analysis
    - 10.6 Definition
    - 10.7 Comparison and Contrast
    - 10.8 Cause and Effect
    - 10.9 Persuasion
    - 10.10 Rhetorical Modes: End-of-Chapter Exercises
    - Chapter 10 Rhetorical Modes
    - 11.1 The Purpose of Research Writing
    - 11.2 Steps in Developing a Research Proposal
    - 11.3 Managing Your Research Project
    - 11.4 Strategies for Gathering Reliable Information
    - 11.5 Critical Thinking and Research Applications
    - 11.6 Writing from Research: End-of-Chapter Exercises
    - Chapter 11 Writing from Research: What Will I Learn?
    - 12.1 Creating a Rough Draft for a Research Paper
    - 12.2 Developing a Final Draft of a Research Paper
    - 12.3 Writing a Research Paper: End-of-Chapter Exercises
    - Chapter 12 Writing a Research Paper
    - 13.1 Formatting a Research Paper
    - 13.2 Citing and Referencing Techniques
    - 13.3 Creating a References Section
    - 13.4 Using Modern Language Association (MLA) Style
    - 13.5 APA and MLA Documentation and Formatting: End-of-Chapter Exercises
    - Chapter 13 APA and MLA Documentation and Formatting
    - 14.1 Organizing a Visual Presentation
    - 14.2 Incorporating Effective Visuals into a Presentation
    - 14.3 Giving a Presentation
    - 14.4 Creating Presentations: End-of-Chapter Exercises
    - Chapter 14 Creating Presentations: Sharing Your Ideas
    - 15.1 Introduction to Sample Essays
    - 15.2 Narrative Essay
    - 15.3 Illustration Essay
    - 15.4 Descriptive Essay
    - 15.5 Classification Essay
    - 15.6 Process Analysis Essay
    - 15.7 Definition Essay
    - 15.8 Compare-and-Contrast Essay
    - 15.9 Cause-and-Effect Essay
    - 15.10 Persuasive Essay
    - Chapter 15 Readings: Examples of Essays
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21.5 Singulars and Plurals

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21.5 Singulars and Plurals

English count nouns have singular and plural forms. Typically, these nouns are formed by adding -s or -es. Words that end in -ch, -sh, or -s usually require the addition of -es to form the plural. Atypical plurals are formed in various ways, such as those shown in the following table.

Singular Nouns

Plural Nouns

dog dogs (-s added)
table tables (-s added)
peach peaches (-es added)
wish wishes (-es added)
kiss kisses (-es added)
man men (atypical)
sheep sheep (atypical)
tooth teeth (atypical)
child children (atypical)
alumnus alumni (atypical)
leaf leaves (atypical)

Proper nouns are typically either singular or plural. Plural proper nouns usually have no singular form, and singular proper nouns usually have no plural form.

Singular Proper Nouns

Plural Proper Nouns

Kentucky Sawtooth Mountains
Alex The Everglades

Noncount nouns typically have only one form that is basically a singular form. To quantify them, you can add a preceding phrase.

Noncount Nouns

Sentences with Noncount Nouns and Quantifying Phrases

gas We put twelve gallons of gas in the car this morning.
anguish After years of anguish, he finally found happiness.

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